KCSE Past Papers 2013 HRE - Hindu Religious Education Paper 1 (413/1)

1 a) Ways in which devotees communicate with Paramatma: Through

• Prayer;

• Puja / aartil havan;

• Satsangl bhajan/ kirtan;

• Meditation:

• Helping poor/destitute;

• Looking after the environment - planting trees

• Studying scriptures.b) Ways of practising Dharma.
  

• Studying religiously.;

• Obeying elders;

• Obeying school rules;

• Being good at home;

• Participating in games - winning treat or losing same;

• Keeping body clean / take care of own health;

• Keeping the environment clean;

• Following moral - not telling lies;

• Being disciplined;

• Caring and sharing.c) Role of Paramatma in Ti-imurti
  

• Brahma - creates the universe

• Vishnu - sustains all beings/protects

• Mahesh/Shiva - liberates/destroys.2 a) Contribution of Lord Mahavir in promoting non-violence
  

• Responding to violence by keeping calm and peaceful;

• Practising meditation;

• Teaching/preaching non-violence through:- words - not speaking harmful words - thoughts - not having hurtful evil thoughts - deeds - not to do evil deeds.
  

• Preaching the principle of “live and let live”;

• Not eating root vegetables;

• Not eating after sunset:

• Fasting regularly;

• Following strict vegetarianism

• Preaching Anekantvad - respect; for all religions;

• Showing respect for all life.3.a) Teachings of Sant Kabir:
  

• Respect your Guru;

• Respect all religions;

• Parmatma is same in all religions - Rama & Rahim;

• No need to go for Tirthayatra for salvation;

• No need to go to temples - Paramatma resides in our hearts;

• Live a simple life;

• Recite Parmatma’s name in order to reach Him;

• Practise universal brotherhood;

• Always work with Partmatma in your heart.b) Role of Dhammapada in Buddhism:
  

• A scripture for Buddhists;

• Contains life historyl

• how he lived

• attained salvation

• Shows the path to attaining salvation;

• Has principles of Buddhism;.

• Teaches detachment;

• non-violence;

• middle path;

• eight fold path;

• four noble truths;

• Final destiny of sould is “Nirvana”;

• Salvation is attained by one’s own efforts;

• Cosmic order always continues.c) Ways in which Lord Rama demonstrated that he was an: Ideal Son
  

• Cared for his parents as a child;

• Obeyed his parents;

• Gave attention to his step mother even after she sent him on exile;

• After his father’s death, he asked his mother to bear with him until his retum;

• Performed all final rites for his father after his death;

• Went to study in the forest under Guru Vasishtha as asked by his father;

• Went to the forest with Vishwamitra to kill demons / protect Brahmins.ii Ideal King:
  

• Ruled Ayodhya fairly;

• Administration was just;

• Provided security for citizens;

• Promoted peace and unity in his kingdom by being righteous and moral;

• Dealt with emerging issues fairly, squarely and firmly;

• Listened to the complaints and welfare;

• Rules with advice of wise persons;

• Motivated his subjects to follow righteousness with exemplary living;

• Put his subjects’ interests first - sacrificed his happiness and sent Sita to exile. 4. a) How control of mind helps in practice of lndriya Nigraha
  

• Control over five senses;

• Eyes - see good, avoid evil;

• Ears - hear; good, avoid evil;

• Skin - should tolerate smoothness and roughness;

• Eat food without caring for taste;

• Smell - good or bad, should not put one off;

• Hands - desist from doing bad deeds;

• Legs - to walk to holy places;

• Think and speak pleasing and positively;

• Do not become angry;

• Do not tell lies;

• Obey rules;

• Work hard;

• Be active/not lazyb) Duties of a Vanaprasthi
  

• Retire from active life;

• Study scriptures;

• Pass the knowledge acquired to others;

• Attend religious discourses / functions;

• D0 social work;

• Guide family members;

• Practise detachment;

• Live a simple life;

• Offer guidance/ advance to people who need;

• Have control over senses.c) Five Daily Yajnas for a Grahasthi
  

• Brahma Yajna:

• Deva:

• Pitru;

• Bhoot;

• Atithi. 5. a) Entitites to whom Buddhists pay homage in Mahamantra
  

• Buddha - Lord Buddha

• Sangha- - Congregation

• Dharma - Religion, b) ow the Sikh principle of forbidding intoxicants can help Kenyan youth
  

• By forbidding intoxicants, the youth can keep busy and avoid idleness, they can engage in meaningful activities; - v

• Keeping away from intoxicants promotes good health among the youth;

• Time saved from non indulgence in intoxicants can be utilised in meaningful activities;

• Keeping away from intoxicants make the youth better leaders of tomorrow;

• Forbidding of intoxicants leads to saving money, time and energy;

• Keeping away from intoxicants promotes better relationships in the community .e.g., no fights, quarrels;

• Reduces crime rate in the community.5 x 2 10 marks c) Beings from whom Jains seek forgiveness during Pratikraman
  

• Plants; Animals;

• Fellow human beings;

• Insects:

• E1ders;

• Juniors;

• Employees;

• Friends;

• Foes;

• Souls.6 a) How Dhyana & Dharana leads to Samadhi (i) Dhyana:-
  

• Helps mind to become calm and peaceful

• Focusses mind stops other thoughts

• This state leads to Dhama.(ii) Dharana:-
  

• Control over the mind

• Fix the mind to a symbol, mantra. a lighted candle;

• Makes one ready for Samadhi - when mind stops working and leads one to bliss.2 a) Qualities of a devotee practising Dasyam Bhakti.
  

• Obedience;

• Humility;

• Service:

• Adoration:

• Love;

• Trust in Paramatma:

• Discipline:

• Worship.b) Teaching of Jnana Yoga
  

• It is one of the 3 Yoga that lead one to Moksha:

• It teaches that Paramatma is Supreme:

• It teaches that soul is immonal and etemal:

• One should be detached from material things:

• Unity of Atma with Paramatma:

• Analyse information to anive at conclusions:

• Helps to remove the ignorance of the nature of soul:

• Gives a devotee knowledge of the Universe:

• Rites and rituals should be performed with understanding.

• It is the search for ultimate goal of life why we are born, etc;