KCSE Past Papers 2017 Agriculture Paper 2 (443/2)

1. Name one breed of livestock under each of the following categories:

(a) dairy cattle

- Guernsey

- Friesian

- Ayrshires

- Jersey

(b) dual purpose cattle

- Sahiwal;

- Red poll;

- Sinunental

(c) dual purpose sheep

Romney mash;

- Carridale;

- Hampshire Down

(d) hair goat

- Angora;

2. State four egg abnormalities observed during egg candling. (2 marks)

- Blood spots;

- Hair cracks;

- Excessively porous shell;

- Fertilized eggs;

- Small size of air space;

- Meat sports;

3. Give four reasons for livestock breeding. (2 marks)

- Expand inherited potential of the animal;

- Increase productivity;

- Environmental adaptability;

- Satisfy consumers' tastes;

- For increased growth rates for early maturity;

4. Give two reasons for hoof trimming. (1 mark )

- Prevent lameness;

- Control foot rot disease;

- Prevent injury during mating;

5. State four signs of Anthrax disease. (2 marks)

- underside of the body;

- Fever;

- Blood stained faeces and milk;

- Tar like watery blood discharge from orifices;

- Lack of rigor mortis in carcass;

- Blood does not clot quickly;

6. Name four methods of dewarming. (2 marks)

- Use of dehorning wire/saw;

- Use caustic potash stick (Potassium hydroxide);

- Use of disbudding iron;

- Use of rubber ring and elastrator;

- Use of dewarming collodion;

7. Give four reasons for keeping dairy animals healthy. (2 marks)

- Healthy animals grow fast and reach maturity early;

- Provide a long economic and productive life;

- To maximize production/performance;

- To produce good quality products;

- To prevent spread of diseases;

- Healthy animals are economical and easy to keep

8. State four features of a clean milkman. (2 marks)

- Free from contagious diseases;

- Physically clean;

- Wears white overall when milking and handling milk;

- Short finger nails;

- Covered hair;

9. Name four maintenance practices for a wire fence.

- Straighten loose or sagging wires using a wire strainer;

- Broken wires should be spliced;

- Worn out posts should be replaced;

- Broken brace posts and droppers should be replaced;

10. State four reasons why dorper breed of sheep is good for mutton production.

- Produce high quality carcass;

- Is highly prolific;

- Grows fast and matures early;

- Adapted to hot and dry areas;

11. State four control measures for tsetse flies.

- Bush clearing to destroy breeding grounds;

- Spraying breeding grounds with insecticides;

- Use of fly trap impregnated nets;

- Sterilization;

12. Explain how each of the following is measured in cattle:

(a) blood temperature

Using clinical/veterinary thermometer inserted in the rectum;

observing and counting the rate of inspiration/expira-tion per minute;

(b) respiratory rate

Using a respirometer;

(c) pulse rate

Place a finger or thumb on an artery passing on a bone or on the lower edge of the animal jaw

13. State the gestation period or each of the follwing:

(a) cow

- 270 — 285 days

(b) sow

- 113 — 117 days;

(c) ewe

- 150 days;

(d) rabbit

- 28 — 32 days;

14. State four features of large white breed of pigs. (2 marks)

- Long ana large;

- White with blue body spots;

- Broad and dished snout;

- Upright ears;

15. State four functions of worker bees in a bee colony. (2 marks)

- Feed the queen, drones and brood;

- Protect the hive from intruders;

- Collect nectar, pollen, tree nashis, gums, water etc; Build combs; - Seal cracks and creviceson the hive;

- Clean the hive;

- Make honey and bees wax;

16. state 3 ways of caponisation in poultry(1/2)

- Open method/surgical method;

- Implanting pellets of female sex hormone beneath the skin of the bird;

- Injecting with stilbestrol hormone when they are one day old;

SECTION B (20 marks)

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 17. The diagrams below represent farm tools and equipment.

(a) Identify the tools labelled E and F.

E - open ended spanner;

F - Steel float;

(b) State one use of each of the tools labelled F and G

F- Loosening and tightening specific sized nuts and bolts;

G- Digging and collecting manure/trash;

(c) State one advantage the tool labelled F has over E

- provides a more firm grip on nuts and bolts;

- can work on nuts/bolts in depressions;

18. The diagram below illustrates an external parasite of livestock.

(a) Identify the parasite. (1 mark)

- Tick

(b) Apart from eggs and adults, name two other developmental stages of the parasite illustrated above. (1 mark)

- Larvae

- Nymph

(c) Name two livestock diseases transmitted by the illustrated parasite. (1 mark) - East Coast fever;

- Anaplasmosis;

- Heart water

(d) Explain two ways in which the environment is altered to control the parasite illustrated above. (2 marks)

- Ploughing pastures;

- Burning pastures;

- Top dress it using lime or acaricides;

19. The diagram below shows a cross-sectiona of a fish pond

Name the part labelled

j- Inlet

K- Spillway / overflow pipe;

(b) State one function of the part labelled L

- Drain the pond during harvesting/cropping

(c) Give one reason why the pond should have a deep end?

- Provide breeding ground for fish

(e) Explain how fingerlings are introduced into a pond?

- The container with fingerlings is gradually lowered into the pond and tilted for the fingerlings to swim away;

20. The diagram below shows calf presentations during parturation

(a) Name the presentation labelled

M (1 mark)- Normal presentation

N (1 mark)- Breech/mal-presentation

(b) Which one of the two presentations requires the services of a qualified stockman? (1 mark)- N - Breech presentation;

(c) State two signs of parturition observed on the vulva. (2 marks)- Enlarged and swollen;

- Clear mucus discharge;

SECTION C 140 marks

) Answer any two questions from this section in the spaces provided after question 23.

21. (a) Describe ten characteristics of a good layer.(10 marks)

- Combs and wattles are large, warm, waxy and red;

Bright orange and alert eyes;

- Pale beak;

- Oral, moist and reddish vent;

- Soft, pliable and wide abdomen;

- Space between the keel & pelvic bone is wide i.e. fits 3 -4 fingers;

- Alert and active in temperament;

- Dry and rugged plumages;

- Late moulting; - Pale shanks; - Broodiness is rare;

(b) Describe the milking procedure under the following sub-headings:(5 marks)

(i) pre-milking practices

- milking materials and equipment should be availed and within reach of milkman;

- Put the cow in the milking palour;

- Restrain the cow;

- Give food;

- Wash the udder and dry it with separation towels;

- Check for mastitis infection;

(ii) procedure of proper milking:(5 marks)

- Tightly grasp the teat at its base between the thumb and forefinger;

- to prevent back flow of milk into the gland cistern;

- Close in the other three fingers;

- applying pressure from top to bottom; to force the teat's orifice open and drain milk out of the teat;

22. (a) Describe Brucellosis disease In cattle under the following sub-headings (I) causal organism ( I mark )

- Brucella abortus; bacteria;

(ii) signs of attack (4 marks)

Premature birth occurs;

- Retained placenta;

- Infertility;

- - Inflamed tests with low libido in bulls;

- Yellowish, brown slimy odourless discharge from the vulva at abortion;

(iii) control measures. 15 marks)

- Uses of A.I;

Culling/slaughter affected animals;

- Vaccination;

- Stockman should avoid contact with aborted foetus;

- Blood test on all breeding animals to detect infected Proper hygiene

(b) Explain live factors that affect the digestibility of a feed material (5 mark )

- Chemical composition of the food: Form in which the feed is offered to the animal;

- Species of the animal;

- Ratio of energy to protein;

- Quantity of food already present in the digestive system of the animal

(c) Explain five requirements of an artificial brooder in poultry rearing (5 mark )

- Litter on the floor; for insulation and absorption of moisture;

- Fresh air circulation;

- should have holes on the wall for ventilation/ gaseous exchange;

- Heat source;

- should be provided to maintain correct temperatures;

- Feeders and waterers;

- should be adequate to prevent overcrowding;

- Shape of the brooder should be round to prevent overcrowding that leads to suffocation;

23. (a) State five harmful effects of lice in pigs. (5 marks)

- Anaemia;

- Irritation;

- Emaciation;

- Poor feeding;

- Loss of hair;

- Wounds/scratches on the skin;

(b) Explain five structural requirements for a grain store. (15 marks)

- Vermin proof to keep away rats;

- Well ventilated to avoid dampness in the store;

-Water/leak proof to prevent dampness in the store;

- Easy to clean — free from cracks and crevices which harbor pests;

- Constructed above the ground to prevent dampness;

(c) Describe five maintenance practices for the water cooling system of a tractor (15 marks)

- Lubricate the water pump regularly;

- Use clean water in the radiator;

- Remove trash from the fins;

- Ensure all pipes are tightly fitted to avoid leakage;

- Fill the radiator with clean water before each day's work;

- Check the fan belt tension regularly and adjust accordingly;

(d) Give five differences between diesel and petrol engine, (15 marks)