KCSE Past Papers 2020 Agriculture Paper 2 (443/2)

1. State two functions of walking areas in a zero grazing unit.(1 mark)

• Exercise

• Dunging

• Sunning2. Give four characteristics of succulent roughages.(2 marks)
  

• High fibre content

• High moisture content

• Low protein content

• High carbohydrate content3. State four symptoms of contagious abortion.(2 marks)
  

• pontaneous abortion/premature birth.

• Retained afterbirths/placenta after abortion.

• Orchitis in bulls/low libido/barrenness in cows.

• Yellow brown slimy/odourless discharge from vulva after abortion.4. State four factors considered when selecting eggs for marketing.(2 marks)
  

• Cleanliness

• Size of egg

• Candling qualities e.g. freshness

• Egg colour

• Shell texture5. State four maintenance practices that should be carried out on a hoof cutter.(2 marks)
  

• Repair broken parts

• Oil the metal parts on long storage

• Sharpen jaws when blunt

• Clean after use

• Grease moving parts to reduce friction

• Tightening the nut

• Proper storage6. State four limitations of a tractor as a source of power on the farm.(2 marks)
  

• Expensive to buy

• Expensive to maintain

• Requires skilled personnel

• Their use is limited in certain areas

• It requires supper services7. Name four beef cattle breeds.(2 marks)
  

• Hereford

• Galloway

• Aberdeen angus

• Beef shorthorns

• Charolais8. State the origin of each of the following dairy cattle breeds: (a) Friesian Holland / Holstein (b) Ayrshire Scotland 9. State four control measures for foot rot.(2 marks)
  

• Clean environment / avoid dampness / muddy conditions

• Regular hoof trimming

• Regular walk through foot bath / copper II sulphate solution

• Treat wounds with antiseptics

• Isolate sick animals10. State four signs of heat in pigs.(2 marks)
  

• Restlessness

• Frequent urination

• Swelling & reddening of the vulva

• Clear & slimy mucus discharge from the vulva

• Frequently mounting others

• Positive response to riding test11. State two categories of livestock parasites.(1 mark)1 Internal parasites / end-parasites External parasites / echo-parasite 12. Name two types of calf pens used in cattle production.(1 marks)
  

• Raised permanent pens

• Permanent calf pen with concrete floors

• Mobile calf pens13. State four ways in which identification in livestock production is important.(2 marks)
  

• Selection / bredding

• Disease control / treatment

• Feeding

• Record keeping

• Culling

• For tracing purposes14. State four preventive measures for livestock diseases.(2 marks)
  

• Isolation of sick animals

• imposition of quarantine

• Use of prophylactic measures

• Slaughter and proper disposal of infected animals

• Use of antiseptic / disinfectants15. State four reasons for castration in livestock production.(2 marks)
  

• Control breeding

• Control breeding diseases

• Hasten growth rate

• Increase quality of meat especially in goats

• Make the animal docile16. Name four causes of livestock diseases.(2 marks)
  

• Bacteria

• Protozoa

• Virus

• Nutritional disorders

• Physical injuries

• Fungi17. State four methods of fish preservation.(2 marks)
  

• Freezing

• Salting

• Sun drying

• SmokingSECTION B (20 marks) Answer all the questions in this section. 18. Below is an illustration of the digestive system of livestock. (a) Name one livestock with the digestive system illustrated above.(1 mark) Cattle / Sheep / goat (b) Name the part labelled: E(1 mark)
  

• Abomasum / True stomachF(1 mark)
  

• Reticulum / Honey comb(c) State two functions of the part labelled part G.(2 marks) Part G is called the rumen. It’s functions: – Temporary storage of food before regurgitation – Fermentation of food – Microbial digestion: – Synthesis of vitamin B complex – Synthesis of Amino acids – Breakdown of protein to peptides – Breakdown of carbohydrates and cellulose to carbon(iv) oxide and volatile fatty acids. – Absorption of ammonia gas & fatty acids 19. Below is an illustration of a bird infected with a poultry disease. (a) (i) Identify the disease.(1 mark) Fowl pox (ii) Name another body part also affected by the lesions or wounds.(1 mark) Legs / vent / wings (b) State two predisposing factors of the disease.(2 marks)
  

• Presence of wounds

• Presence of biting insects e.g. mosquitos / mites(c) State one control measure of the disease.(1 mark)
  

• Vaccination

• Killing and proper disposal of all infected birds.20. Below is an illustration of a practice carried out in poultry. (a)(i) Identify the practice.(1 mark) Debeaking (ii) Give one reason why the use of a hot iron is recommended for the practice illustrated.(1 mark) It cauterises the wound | Prevents bleeding | Prevent infection | Sterilize the wound (b) Name two poultry vices controlled by the practice illustrated.(2 marks) - Cannibalism – Egg eating (c) State one feeding practice that helps to control these poultry vices.(1 mark) - Provide adequate balanced diet – Hang vegetables in the poultry house to keep the birds busy 21. Below is a diagram of a tool used in livestock rearing. (a) Identify the tool.(1 mark) Elastrator and rubber ring (b) State two uses of the tool.(2 marks) (i) docking (ii) castration (iii) dis-budding (c) Give two reasons why farmers prefer using the tool.(2 marks) (i) bloodless (ii) less painful, less stressful, less skills required. SECTION C (40 marks) Answer any two questions from this section. 22. (a) Describe seven requirements of an ideal calf pen.(7 marks)
  

• Cleanliness: pens should have concrete floors to facilitate cleaning.

• Dryness and warmth: dry litter should be placed on the floor to avoid dampness / wetness.

• Roof should not leak / avoid spilling water on the floor to discourage dampness and wetness of the litter.

• Adequate space: should be spacious for exercise, feeding and watering of calves.

• Proper lighting – should be well lit as light is necessary for synthesis of vitamin D.

• Proper drainage – should be constructed on a well-drained place to avoid dampness.

• Draught free – to prevent entry of cold winds and discourage infections like pneumonia.

• Proper ventilation – to allow free air circulations.

• Single housing – calves should be housed singly to prevent licking one another which can lead to formation of hair – balls in the rumen.(b) State the disadvantages of natural mating in livestock breeding.(8 marks)
  

• High chances of inbreeding

• Possible to transmit sexual diseases

• Males need extra costs of feeding and rearing

• Large males can injure small females

• A lot of semen is wasted

• Difficult and expensive to transport a bull over long distances to serve a cow

• Bulls are expensive to acquire

• Most bulls are aggressive hence difficult to handle(c) Explain five predisposing factors of mastitis disease in dairy farming.(5 marks)
  

• Species of animal – certain diseases affect specific species e.g. swine fever only affects pigs

• Breed of the animal – certain diseases affect specific breeds of animals e.g. cancer of the says only affects Hereford breeds

• Age of the animal – certain diseases are associated with certain age groups of animals e.g. piglet anaemia only affects piglets.

• Sex of the animal – certain diseases are associated with certain animal genders. e.g. mastitis only affects female animals.

• Color of the animal – Animals which are black in colour suffer from heat stress / light pigmented skin suffer from photosensitisation when exposed to high light intensities.23. (a) Explain nine qualities of an ideal brooder for day old chicks.(9 marks)
  

• Litter: should be in the form of wood shavings to maintain warmth and absorb moisture.

• Fresh air / ventilation: should have holes for ventilation on the walls to allow proper gaseous exchange.

• Heat source – a heat source be provided and controlled to maintain correct temperature within the brooder.

• Well-lit – to allow chicks to see feeds and water.

• Dim light is recommended as bright light blinds the chicks and enhances toe pecking.

• Have adequate waterers to allow for proper watering of chicks without overcrowding.

• Have adequate feeders to allow for proper feeding without overcrowding.

• Share of the brooder – should be round in shape to avoid chicks overcrowding at the corners.

• Fresh feed and water.

• Some feeds should be put on newspapers on the floor until chicks learn to feed from the feeders.(b) Describe the working mechanism of a four-stroke cycle engine.(11 marks)
  

• Induction stroke; the piston moves down the cylinder; inlet valve opens; fresh air and petrol is drawn into the cylinder;

• Compression stroke; the inlet valve closes, outlet valve closes; the piston moves up the cylinder; this compresses air fuel mixture in the combustion chamber;

• Power stroke; a spark produced by the spark plug; this causes compressed fuel mixture to light and expand; resulting in pressure that forces piston down the cylinder;

• Exhaust stroke; piston moves up the cylinder; eliminating burnt fuel mixture through open exhaust valve;24. (a) Explain five control measures for tapeworms.(5 marks)
  

• Use of anthelmintic drugs / prophylactic drugs

• Keep animal house clean and disinfected

• Rotational grazing

• Keep feeders and water clean

• Proper disposal of human excreta

• Proper inspection of meat

• Proper cooking of meat

• Burning of infected pastures(b) Give the functions of ten equipment used in clean milk production.(10 marks)
  

• Udder cloths and towels for cleaning / drying the udder

• Filtering pads for straining milk

• Milking jelly for applying on teats to prevent cracking

• Warm water for washing the udder

• Milking pail / bucket for milking

• Milking churn for holding milk in storage or transportation

• Milking stool to sit on during milking

• Weighing scale for weighing milk

• Cooler / fridge for cooling milk

• Strip cup for checking mastitis

• Milking machine for machine milking

• Rope / chain for retraining the cow(c) Describe the life cycle of one-host tick.(5 marks)
  

• Eggs hatch into larvae which climb onto the host and feed on blood;

• Engorged larvae moult, nymphs emerge, feed on blood;

• Engorged nymphs moult. adults emerge;

• Adults feed on blood and mate;

• Engorged female falls to ground and lays eggs;